三疣梭子蟹微卫星文库的构建及序列分析

采用磁珠富集法筛选三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的微卫星序列。经Sau3AI酶切后的200~1000bp DNA纯化片段,与两端已知序列的人工接头连接,用含有生物素标记的(CA)₁₂和(GA)₁₂探针杂交,根据磁珠的链酶亲和素与生物素特异结合的特性,捕获含微卫星序列的单链DNA,以此为模板用人工接头序列为引物进行PCR扩增,随后将获得的片段连接到PMD18-T载体上,转化至DH5α感受态细胞中,成功构建了微卫星富集文库。测序其中的60个阳性克隆,得到42条微卫星序列(基因登录号为:HQ283153-HQ283194),除探针使用的CA/GT、GA/CT重复外,还得到GAGT重复序列。42条微卫星序列中,完美型31个(占73.8%),非完美型9个(占21.4%),混合型2个(占4.8%)。完美型的比例显著高于非完美型,这与其他真核生物微卫星序列的特征相一致。39条微卫星序列的重复次数大于10(占92.9%),其中,重复次数在10~19次之间的有27个,20次以上的有12个。筛选出的微卫星位点可为今后三疣梭子蟹遗传多样性评价、种群遗传结构鉴定及资源保护研究提供一套有用的分子标记。     

磁珠富集法开发长臀鮠微卫星分子标记

为长臀鮠遗传育种、种质鉴定和种苗流放等提供理论依据,采用磁珠富集法开发长臀鮠(Cranoglanis bouderius)微卫星分子标记,筛选获得阳性克隆进行分析,选取侧翼较长的序列,用Primer Premier 5.0设计合成引物。结果表明:从596个白斑中筛选获得80个阳性克隆,测序获得微卫星序列47个,其中完美型31个(66%),非完美型14个(30%),复合型2个(4%)。设计合成32对引物,通过优化反应条件,得到27对引物能扩增特异条带,其中多态性引物24对。     

亲和素磁珠分离毛竹SSR标记方法的优化

在参考其它文献报道的基础上,构建毛竹SSR位点富集文库。用EcoRⅠ分别和DraⅠ、EcoRⅤ、SmaⅠ、PvuⅡ四种平端限制性内切酶对毛竹基因组DNA进行双酶切,酶切片段回收后与根据抑制性PCR原理设计的接头连接。在利用亲和素磁珠富集含有SSR序列的DNA片段过程中,对杂交、漂洗及洗脱步骤进行优化。通过三引物特异PCR筛选含有SSR序列的阳性克隆并结合测序结果对富集SSR文库进行评价,确定了一条简单、经济、高效分离竹类植物SSR标记的方法。     

磁珠富集法分离柿微卫星标记

【目的】分离柿属植物的微卫星标记,为柿种质资源的分类、进化等遗传研究奠定基础。【方法】提取磨盘柿(Diospyros kaki)基因组DNA后,用EcoRⅠ和MesⅠ2种内切酶酶切并连接接头,再用接头特异引物进行PCR扩增。扩增产物与生物素标记的(GA)15和(AC)15探针杂交,杂交复合物用链亲和素包裹磁珠进行结合,得到单链DNA目标片段,经PCR扩增,连接pGEM-T载体,转化入感受态大肠杆菌,得到微卫星富集小插入片段DNA文库。用Colony-PCR法筛选阳性克隆,进行测序分析。【结果】测序96个克隆,54个含微卫星序列,24个为有效微卫星序列,其中完美型(perfect)9个,占37.5%;非完美型(imperfect)7个,占29.2%;混合型(compound)8个,占33.3%(。GA)n重复最为常见。21条含微卫星序列已登录GenBank(Accession Number:EF567396~EF567416)。成功设计21对引物,经初步筛选,14对表现出多态性。【结论】试验方法分离柿基因组微卫星简便有效,得到的多态性引物可用于柿种质资源的遗传研究。     

用磁珠富集法分离亚麻基因组微卫星分子标记

应用Dynal磁珠-生物素标记的微卫星探针(CT)₁₅与亚麻基因组DNA酶切片段杂交,捕获300~1 500 bp含有微卫星序列的DNA片段,连接到pMD18-T载体中,构建富集微卫星序列的小片段插入文库。利用接头引物和根据微卫星核心序列设计的引物VRV(CT)₁₅使用PCR方法直接对文库筛选,从422个转化子中获得了104个阳性克隆,对其进行测序分析,获得了97个微卫星序列,微卫星序列的富集效率达到22.99%,PCR扩增筛选效率93.27%。对97个微卫星序列进行比对分析,其中51个重复序列的两端序列高度相似,据其设计的特异引物对阳性克隆进行2次筛选,能淘汰相似度高的同类序列,提高筛选亚麻微卫星标记的效率。     

Evaluation of lipid spray beads for the delivery of water-soluble materials to a marine suspension-feeder, the Manila clam Tapes philippinarum (Deshayes 1853)

We describe the development and evaluation of a new microparticle for delivering low-molecular weight, water-soluble materials to suspension feeders. Spray beads successfully incorporated materials dissolved in an aqueous phase or as dry particulate, within a triacylglyceride bead composed of tripalmitin, 600 mg g⁻¹ tripalmitin/400 mg g⁻¹ triolein, or 600 mg g⁻¹ tripalmitin/400 mg g⁻¹ fish oil.
Riboflavin was successfully incorporated (up to 44 mg g⁻¹ lipid) and retained (up to 98% over 24 h in seawater) as dry particles in all three mixtures of lipid. Aqueous oxytetracycline hydrochloride or polymeric dye were incorporated (45.6 mg g⁻¹ lipid and 18.1 mg g⁻¹ lipid, respectively) and retained best (99% and 94%, respectively) in spray beads composed of tripalmitin. The addition of triolein or fish oil to the lipid bead reduced incorporation and retention efficiencies for aqueous core materials by up to 75%.
Manila clam seed readily ingested and digested lipid microparticles, spray beads and lipid-walled microcapsules. Microparticles composed of tripalmitin were excreted with their payloads intact. Intact microparticles composed of 600 mg g⁻¹ tripalmitin/400 mg g⁻¹ fish oil were largely absent in faecal strands suggesting successful release and delivery of microparticle contents to clams.
Spray beads composed of tripalmitin softened with 400 mg g⁻¹ fish oil represent an effective microparticle type for delivering low-molecular weight, water-soluble materials to aquatic suspension feeders.     

Antigen-nonspecific macrophage factors modulating the antibody response in vitro

Antibody response to an antigen involves the co-operation between three types of cells: macrophages, T cells and B cells. The cognate interactions between these cells play a fundamental role in the expression of a specific antibody response, but the last is modulated by antigen-nonspecific soluble factors produced either by macrophages or by T cells. Macrophages elaborate a spectrum of molecules modulating the function of lymphoid cells; among them are IL1 and prostaglandins of the E series, which are respectively enhancer and inhibitor of the antibody response in vitro. These molecules alter T cell and B cell activities through different mechanisms involving activation or inhibition of IL2 production, or alteration of cells surface antigens. However, the cellular events following the fixation of soluble factor on its receptors are not known.     

Surveillance of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Irish bovine dairy herds

Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) are highly significant zoonotic threats to public health, and have been the causative agent implicated in numerous high-profile outbreaks affecting large numbers of people. Serovar O157 is most frequently linked with human illness; however, other serovars, such as O26, O103, O111 and O145, have also been implicated. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and virulence determinants of these five serovars in Irish dairy farm herds, and their milk. Using real-time PCR (RTi-PCR), bovine rectal faecal swabs and raw milk samples, along with milk filters, were screened for the presence of vt genes. Positive samples were then screened for the five serovars using sero-specific PCR. Serovar-positive samples were subjected to immunomagnetic separation, to isolate viable VTEC strains. These isolates were subsequently screened for four virulence factors: vt1, vt2, eaeA and hlyA. Three hundred and eighty six of the 600 rectal faecal swabs, 85 of the 117 milk-filters and 43 of the 120 bulk-tank milk samples, were positive for vt genes. From these 514 total vt-positive samples, 58 O26, 162 O103, 1 O111, 324 O145 and 26 O157 positives were detected by sero-specific RTi-PCR. Immunomagnetic separation yielded 12 O26, 26 O103, 0 O111, 19 O145 and 10 O157 isolates. Ten of these isolates contained at least one of the four virulence determinants screened for (i.e. vt1, vt2, eaeA and hlyA). Of these 10 isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that two of the O26 isolates from different farms were indistinguishable. Two O157 isolates were also indistinguishable. This study found serovars O103 and O145 to be the most prevalent in samples tested. Apart from the occurrence of VTEC in dairy herds, this study shows a high occurrence of vt genes in the environment, creating the possibility of horizontal gene transfer and emergence of new VTEC strains.     

用磁珠富集法制备史氏鲟的微卫星分子标记

采用生物素-磁珠富集法与放射性同位素杂交法相结合的方式,研究了史氏鲟Acipenser schrencki基因组的微卫星资源。结果表明:在得到的1 400多个细菌中,有300多个阳性克隆,将其中96个进行测序,在这些序列中共有115个微卫星核心序列,含99个重复次数大于10次的微卫星核心序列。其中完美型标记40个,占40.4%;非完美型标记52个,占52.5%;混合型标记共7个,占7.1%。随机选取侧翼序列较长的50个序列,依据引物设计原理设计引物50对,经3次PCR筛选,有28对引物可得到稳定的特异性扩增;同时利用史氏鲟的6个个体检验了这些位点的多态性,并统计了等位基因数,发现有22对等位基因具有良好的多态性。     

刺参微卫星DNA分子标记的分离及筛选

采用磁珠富集法分离刺参Apostichopus japonicus的微卫星分子标记,共获得阳性克隆123个,其中106个含微卫星DNA序列。分析结果表明:完美型有48个,占45.28%,非完美型有39个,占36.79%,复合型有19个,占17.92%;重复碱基数以双核苷酸重复最常见,占84.91%,双核苷酸中又以CA/GT重复所占比例最大;在重复次数方面,以重复数为3~10次、11~18次和≥35次最为常见,各占39.62%、26.42%和16.98%,重复数达100次以上的有5个,最多的达到148次,有28个微卫星序列微卫星含量丰富。筛选的22对引物中,可产生出扩增产物的有17对,其中16对引物的产物带在预测区域内出现;有7对引物在中国、俄罗斯刺参模板中表现出多态性。文中还对刺参微卫星的特点进行分析,对刺参微卫星引物的PCR筛选结果进行了探讨。